ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

Adverbs of Frequency are Adverbs of Time that answer the question "How frequently?" or "How often?". They tell us how often something happens. Here are some examples:

1. daily, weekly, yearly
2. often, sometimes, rarely

E - Adverbs of definite frequency

Examples:

·         hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly

·         every second, once a minute, twice a year

·         once, twice, once or twice, three times

Adverbs of definite frequency, like all adverbs of definite time, typically go in END position. Look at these examples:

·         Most companies pay taxes yearly.

·         The manager checks the toilets every hour.

·         The directors meet weekly to review progress.

Sometimes, usually for reasons of emphasis or style, some adverbs of definite frequency may go at the FRONT, for example:

·         Every day, more than five thousand people die on our roads.

E.1 - Adverbs of indefinite frequency

Examples:

·         never, seldom, sometimes, often, always

Adverbs of indefinite frequency mainly go in MID position in the sentence. They go before the main verb (except the main verb "to be"): 

·         We usually go shopping on Saturday.

·         I have often done that.

·         She is always late.

Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence:

·         Sometimes they come and stay with us.

·         I play tennis occasionally.

Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with "very"):

·         We see them rarely.

·         John eats meat very seldom.

Adverbs of frequency chart.

ADVERBS OF DEGREE OR QUANTITY

Adverbs of Degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. They answer the question “how much?” or “to what degree?”. Adverbs of Degree can modify verbs, adjectives and otheradverbs.

·         She entirely agrees with him. (How much does she agree with him?)

·         Mary is very beautiful. (To what degree is Mary beautiful? How beautiful is Mary?)

·         He drove quite dangerously. (To what degree did he drive dangerously? How dangerously did he drive?)

Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.

Adverbs of degree are usually placed:

1. before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:
   e.g. The water was extremely cold.
2. before the main verb:
   e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.
3. 
   

Examples

• She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
• They are completely exhausted from the trip.
• I am too tired to go out tonight.
• He hardly noticed what she was saying.

Enough, very, too

Enough as an adverb meaning 'to the necessary degree' goes after adjectives and adverbs.

Examples

• Is your coffee hot enough? (adjective)
• He didn't work hard enough. (adverb)

It also goes before nouns, and means 'as much as is necessary'. In this case it is not an adverb, but a 'determiner'.

Examples

• We have enough bread.
• They don't have enough food.

Too as an adverb meaning 'more than is necessary or useful' goes before adjectives and adverbs, e.g.

• This coffee is too hot. (adjective)
• He works too hard. (adverb)

Enough and too with adjectives can be followed by 'for someone/something'.

Examples

• The dress was big enough for me.
• She's not experienced enough for this job.
• The coffee was too hot for me.
• The dress was too small for her.

We can also use 'to + infinitive' after enough and too with adjectives/adverb.

Examples

• The coffee was too hot to drink.
• He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.
• She's not old enough to get married.
• You're too young to have grandchildren!

Very goes before an adverb or adjective to make it stronger.

Examples

• The girl was very beautiful. (adjective)
• He worked very quickly. (adverb)

If we want to make a negative form of an adjective or adverb, we can use a word of opposite meaning, or not very.

Examples

• The girl was ugly OR The girl was not very beautiful
• He worked slowly OR He didn't work very quickly.

BE CAREFUL! There is a big difference between too and very.

• Very expresses a fact:
  He speaks very quickly.
• Too suggests there is a problem:
  He speaks too quickly (for me to understand).

ADVERBS OF MANNER

ADVERBS OF MANNER - these answer the question how?

This adverb usually comes after the direct object or if there is no direct object, after the verb: Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.

She speaks Italian beautifully.

He works well.

You must drive your car carefully.

Eat quietly.

Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.

We normally use Adverbs of Manner with dynamic (action) verbs, not with stative or state verbs.

·  He ran fast. She came quickly. They worked happily.

·    She looked beautifully. It seems strangely. They are happily.

     Some words that end in-ly are adjectives and not adverbs:

 

She is a lovely person.

He is a friendly man.

 

     Hardly (barely), rarely (rarely), lately (lately) and recently (recently) are adverbs of frequency and so, although ending in-ly.

ADVERBS OF PLACE

Adverbs of place ( These answer the question where? ) are also known as adverbs of location. They express where the verb action is carried out.They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object. These answer the question where?




Examples


after the main verb:

• I looked everywhere
• John looked away, up, down, around...
• I'm going home, out, back
• Come in
  after the object:
• They built a house nearby
• She took the child outside    
• Common Adverbs of Place
• 'Here' and 'there'
  With verbs of movement, here means towards or with the speaker:
  • Come here (= towards me)
  • It's in here (= come with me to see it)
  There means away from, or not with the speaker:
  • Put it there (= away from me)
  • It's in there (= go by yourself to see it)
  Here and there are combined with prepositions to make many common adverbial phrases:

  down here, down there;over here, over there;under here, under there;up here, up there

  Here and there are placed at the beginning of the sentence in exclamations or when emphasis is needed.
  They are followed by the verb if the subject is a noun:
  • Here comes the bus. (followed by the verb)
  Or by a pronoun if this is the subject (it, she, he etc.):
  • Here it is! (followed by the pronoun)
  • There she goes! (followed by the pronoun

  Examples:

  about, across, along, around, behind, by, down, in, off, on, over, round, through, under, up.

  Go to Prepositions or Phrasal Verbs

  Other adverbs of place: ending in '-wards', expressing movement in a particular direction:

  backwards forwards downwards upwards inwards outwards

  northwards southwards eastwards westwards homewards onwards

ADVERBS OF TIME

ADVERBS OF TIME - these answer the question when?

This adverb usually comes either at the very beginning of the sentence or at the end.

Afterwards we decided to go by car. I've done that journey before.

Note: yet and still: yet should be placed at the end of the sentence.

Still should be placed before the verb, except with the verb 'to be' when it comes after.

We haven't started yet.

He still wears old-fashioned clothes.
She is still a student.

Compare these two sentences:

The train still hasn't arrived.
The train hasn't arrived yet.

Adverbials of time can be time expressions such as ‘last night’.

Adverbials of time can be prepositional phrases with ‘at’, ‘in’, or  ‘on’.

‘For’ refers to a period of time in the past, present, or future.

‘Since’ refers to a point in past time.

1. We use adverbials of time to say when something happens. We often use noun groups called time expressions as adverbials of time.

yesterday today tomorrow last year next Saturday next week the day after tomorrow last night the other day

One of my children wrote to me today..
So, you're coming back next week?

We often use time expressions with verbs in the present tense to talk about the future.
The plane leaves tomorrow morning.
They're coming next week.


2. We can use prepositional phrases as adverbials of time:

• ‘at’ is used with:

  clock times: at eight o'clock, at three fifteen religious festivals: at Christmas, at Easter mealtimes: at breakfast, at lunchtimes specific periods: at night, at the weekend, at weekends, at half-term

• ‘in’ is used with:

  seasons: in autumn, in the spring years and centuries: in 1985, in the year 2000, in the nineteenth century months: in July, in December parts of the day: in the morning, in the evenings

• ‘on’ is used with:

  days: on Monday, on Tuesday morning, on Sunday evenings special days: on Christmas Day, on my birthday, on his wedding anniversary dates: on the twentieth of July, on June 21st

3. We use ‘for’ with verbs in any tense to say how long something continues to happen.


He is in Italy for a month..
I remained silent for a long time.
I will be in London for three months.

4. We use ‘since’ with a verb in the present perfect or past perfect tense to say when something started to happen.

Marilyn has lived in Paris since 1984..
I had eaten nothing since breakfast..